Whether the installation of IKO bearings correctly affects the performance and life of the bearings
Bearings are one of the important components on construction machinery. Poor installation will affect their use and even cause failure of construction machinery.
If IKO bearings have foreign matter such as iron filings, burrs, dust, etc., the bearings will generate noise and vibration during operation, and even damage the raceways and rolling elements. Therefore, before installing the IKO bearing, it is necessary to ensure the cleaning of the mounting surface and the installation environment.
Lubrication has a very important influence on the operation and life of the bearing. Grease is made from base oils, thickeners and additives. The performance of the grease is primarily determined by the base oil. Generally low viscosity base oil is suitable for low temperature and high speed; high viscosity is suitable for high temperature and high load.
The thickener is also related to the lubricating properties, and the water resistance of the thickener determines the water resistance of the grease. In principle, the different greases of the brand cannot be mixed, and even the grease of the same thickener may have a bad influence on each other due to the different additives. IKO bearing surface is coated with anti-rust oil, which must be carefully cleaned with clean gasoline or kerosene, and then cleaned with high quality or high temperature high temperature grease for installation. Fully enclosed bearings do not need to be cleaned and refueled.
After the IKO bearing is installed, alignment may result in additional loads, friction and vibration of the bearing if not carefully aligned. These can accelerate fatigue and reduce the life of IKO bearings and can damage the life of other machine parts. In addition, increased vibration and friction can greatly increase energy consumption and risk of premature failure.https://www.supplyforever.com/
What are the common SKF bearing lubrication methods?
SKF bearings are lubricated in several ways, and each type of bearing and each type of bearing is also different when using lubrication, which is more conducive to maximizing the service life of SKF bearings, which is the highest performance of mechanical equipment. The state of performance.
1, solid lubrication
Under some special conditions, a small amount of solid lubricant is added to the grease. For example, adding 3~5% of molybdenum disulfide No. 1 can reduce wear and improve the resistance to pressure and heat. For high temperature, elegance, high vacuum and corrosion resistance. Special conditions such as anti-radiation and extremely low temperature, the solid lubricant can be added into engineering plastics or powder metallurgy materials to make bearing parts with self-lubricating properties, such as bonding the solid lubricant to the raceway with an adhesive. A lubricating film is formed on the cage and the rolling elements, which has a certain effect on reducing friction and wear.
2, oil lubrication:
Viscosity is an important characteristic of lubricating oil. The viscosity directly affects the fluidity of lubricating oil and the thickness of oil film formed between friction surfaces. The viscosity of lubricating oil at SKF bearing working temperature is generally 12-15cst. The higher the speed, the lower the viscosity, and the heavier the load, the higher the viscosity. Commonly used lubricating oils include mechanical oil, high-speed mechanical oil, turbine oil, compressor oil, transformer oil, cylinder oil, and the like.
Oil lubrication methods include:
a. oil bath lubrication
Oil bath lubrication is the most common lubrication method. It is suitable for the lubrication of low and medium speed bearings. Part of the bearing is immersed in the groove. The lubricating oil is brought up by the rotating bearing parts and then flows back to the oil groove. The oil level should be slightly lower than the minimum. The center of the rolling element.
b. drip lubrication
Drip oil lubrication is suitable for SKF bearing parts that need to supply lubricating oil quantitatively. The amount of dripping oil is generally one drop every 3-8 seconds. Excessive oil quantity will cause the bearing temperature to increase.
c. Circulating oil lubrication
The filtered oil is delivered to the bearing components by an oil pump, filtered through the lubricating oil after the bearings, and then cooled and used. Since the circulating oil can take a certain amount of heat to cool the bearing, this method is suitable for bearing parts with higher rotational speed.https://www.supplyforever.com/
IKO cam bearing lubrication technique to solve the raceway noise analysis
The source of the rolling sound is caused by the natural vibration of the ferrule after the load. Due to the elastic contact of the ferrule and the rolling body, a nonlinear vibration system is formed. When the lubrication or machining accuracy is not high, the natural vibration associated with this elastic characteristic is excited, and when it is transmitted to the air, it becomes noise. It is well known that even if IKO bearing parts are processed using the most advanced manufacturing techniques in the world, there will always be small geometric errors in the working surface, which will cause small fluctuations between the raceway and the rolling elements to excite the natural vibration of the vibration system.
First, the bearing drip lubrication method
Drip oil lubrication is suitable for the bearing parts that need to be supplied quantitatively to the lubricating oil. The amount of oil to be dripped is preferably every 3-8 seconds. Excessive oil quantity will cause the bearing temperature to increase.
Second, the oil bath lubrication method of cam bearings
Oil bath lubrication is the common lubrication method in most cam bearings and is suitable for lubrication of low and medium speed IKO bearings. A part of the bearing is immersed in the groove, the lubricating oil is brought up by the rotating bearing part, and then flows back to the oil groove oil surface should be slightly lower than the center of the lowest rolling element.
Third, the radiation lubrication of the bearing
The low pressure oil is injected into the bearing through the nozzle by the oil pump, and the oil injected into the bearing flows into the oil groove through the other end of the bearing. When the bearing rotates at high speed, the rolling element and the cage also cause the surrounding air to flow at a relatively high rotational speed. It is difficult to send the lubricating oil to the bearing in a smooth manner. In this case, it is necessary to spray the smooth oil with low-pressure radiation. In the bearing, the position of the nozzle should be placed between the inner ring and the center of the cage.
Fourth, the bearing lubrication method
The oil is pumped to the cam bearing component by an oil pump, and then filtered and cooled by the lubricating oil after the bearing. Because the circulating oil can take away a certain amount of heat and cool the IKO bearing, this method is used for bearing parts with higher rotational speed.
Five, bearing spray lubrication method
The use of boring shrinking air is mixed with smooth oil through a sprayer to create an oil mist. In the radial bearing, the air flow can effectively cool the bearing and prevent the intrusion of impurities. This method is suitable for the smoothness of high speed and low temperature bearing components.
Although the bearing raceway noise is unavoidable, it is possible to use high-precision machining of the working surface of the part, the correct selection of the bearing and the precise use of the bearing to reduce noise and vibration.https://www.supplyforever.com/
SKF grease for all important applications
Core Tip: Standard Grease LGMT2 This is a multi-purpose grease for a wide range of industrial and automotive applications. Agricultural machinery, automotive wheel bearings, transport aircraft, small electric motors.
Standard grease
LGMT 2 This is a multi-purpose grease for a wide range of industrial and automotive applications. Agricultural machinery, automotive wheel bearings, transport aircraft, small electric motors.
LGEP 2 EP grease for a wide range of industrial and automotive applications. Pulping machine, rolling mill random, traction motor for railway, sluice.
LGLT 2 low temperature grease for high speed and low noise applications. Textile machine rotating spindles, machine axes, instruments and control equipment, small electric machines for medical and dental equipment.
LGHQ 3 high temperature, low noise grease for electric motor bearings. Ventilation fan, clutch release bearing, kiln dry loading frame and roller running continuously above 80 °C.
LGWA 2 This is a grease with a wide temperature range and extremely long service life. Wheel bearings, washing machines, electric motors for cars and trucks.
LGFC 2 USDA H1 compatible with food. Baking equipment, food processing equipment, multi-packaged box bearings, packaging machines, conveyor bearings.
Special grease
LGMT 3 universal grease, suitable for a wide range of applications such as LGMT 2, requires high consistency. Bearings > Shaft size 100 mm rotating outer ring vertical shaft application continuous maximum room temperature > 35 °c.
LGLC 2 low temperature grease for high speed and moderate load applications. Machine tool shaft, textile machine rotating spindle.
LGMB 2 Heavy Industry EP Grease. Suitable for hot rolling mill work 琨 bearings, high load support bearings, bearings used in squat support straighteners.
LGHB 2 EP grease for high temperature industrial applications. The maximum resistance temperature of the sealed spherical roller bearings of the pulper and paper machine, the asphalt vibrating screen machine and the continuous plating machine under the high temperature operation of over 150 °C is +200 °C.
LGEM 2 two-fluidized molybdenum EP grease for industrial and heavy equipment applications. Rolling element bearings run steel at low speeds and very high loads in steel bearings, jaw crushers, track laying machines, crane door hanging wheels, construction machinery such as motorized hoes, crane arms, crane hooks, etc.
LGEV 2 Molybdenum EP grease for industrial and heavy equipment applications. Cross-head bearing on the drum Support and thrust roller, bucket wheel excavator, slewing bearing, high-pressure rolling mill on the rotary kiln and rotary dryer.
LGWM 1 low temperature EP grease for windmills and screw conveyors.https://www.supplyforever.com/
How to repair the water pump bearing
Core Tips: (1) The pump that is newly put into use must be replaced with grease (oil) after 100 hours of operation, and then replaced once every 500 hours. (2) Flow bearing lubricated with grease
(1) The pump that is newly put into use must be replaced with grease (oil) after 100 hours of operation, and then replaced once every 500 hours.
(2) Lubricating grease-lubricated flow bearings should be replaced after 1500 hours of operation. The amount of oil to be filled should not be too much or too little, because too much or too little grease will cause the bearing to heat up. It is preferably 1/2 to 2/3 of the volume of the bearing chamber.
(3) For bearings lubricated with lubricating oil, the amount of oil should be added to the specified position.
(4) The container containing lubricating oil or grease should be clean and should be sealed properly. There should be no dust, iron filings and other debris to avoid damage to the bearing.
(5) Motor bearings generally use sodium-based grease, which is characterized by high temperature resistance (125 ° C), but is easily soluble in water, so it can not be used for lubrication of water pump bearings.https://www.supplyforever.com/
Temperature and noise during operation of INA stainless steel bearings
When the mechanism is running, the part where the INA bearing is installed is allowed to have a certain temperature. When the structure of the mechanism is touched by hand, it should be normal to not feel hot, otherwise the bearing temperature is too high.
The reasons for the bearing temperature being too high are: the quality of the lubricating oil does not meet the requirements or deteriorates, the viscosity of the lubricating oil is too high; the assembly of the mechanism is too tight (the gap is insufficient); the assembly of the stainless steel bearing is too tight; the bearing race rotates on the shaft or inside the casing; Too large; bearing cage or rolling element fragmentation.
Rolling bearings allow a slight running noise during operation. If the sound is too loud or there is abnormal noise or impact, the bearing is faulty.
The causes of noise generated by rolling bearings are more complicated. One is the wear of the inner and outer rings of the bearing. As a result of this wear, the bearing and the housing, the stainless steel bearing and the shaft are broken, causing the axis to deviate from the correct position and produce an abnormal sound when the shaft is moving at a high speed. When the INA bearing is fatigued, the surface metal peeling off will also increase the radial clearance of the bearing to produce abnormal noise. In addition, insufficient bearing lubrication, dry friction, and bearing crushing can produce abnormal sounds. After the bearing wears loose, the cage is loose and damaged, and the abnormal bearing damage will also occur.
1, tile surface corrosion: spectral analysis found that the concentration of non-ferrous metal elements is abnormal; there are many sub-micron wear particles of non-ferrous metal components in the iron spectrum; lubricating oil moisture exceeds the standard, acid value exceeds the standard.
2, the surface of the journal is strained: there are iron-based cutting abrasive grains or black oxide particles in the iron spectrum, and there is tempering color on the metal surface.
3, the surface corrosion of the journal: Spectral analysis found that the concentration of iron is abnormal, there are many sub-micron particles of iron in the iron spectrum, and the moisture of the lubricating oil exceeds the standard or the acid value exceeds the standard.
4, surface strain: found in the iron spectrum cutting abrasive particles, abrasive particles are non-ferrous metals.
5, fretting wear behind the tile: spectral analysis found that the iron concentration is abnormal, there are many iron components in the iron spectrum sub-micron wear particles, lubricating oil moisture and acid value is abnormal.
Impact sound of rolling element and its control method When a large type of ball bearing or bearing runs at low speed under pure radial load, the rolling element in the non-loading area will impact the cage or raceway due to the small centrifugal force of the rolling element. And the noise is emitted. But as the speed increases, the sound will disappear.
INA bearing raceway sound and its control method The raceway sound is a slippery continuous sound that the rolling element rolls on the raceway surface when the bearing is running. It is the unique basic sound that all stainless steel bearings will produce. The general bearing sound is the rolling sound plus other sounds. The ball bearing's raceway sound is irregular, the frequency is above 1000Hz, its main frequency does not change with the speed, but its sound pressure level increases with the increase of the speed.https://www.supplyforever.com/
Classification and application of bearings
Core Tip: The most representative rolling bearing of deep groove ball bearing is widely used to withstand radial load and bidirectional axial load. It is suitable for high speed rotation and low noise and low vibration.
The most representative rolling bearing of deep groove ball bearing is widely used to withstand radial load and bidirectional axial load. It is suitable for high speed rotation and low noise and low vibration. Sealed bearing with steel dust cover or rubber sealing ring Pre-filled with a proper amount of grease outer ring with snap ring or flange bearing, which is easy to axially position, and easy to install in the outer casing. The maximum load type bearing is the same size as the standard bearing, but there is a filling in the inner and outer rings. Groove, increased ball loading, improved rated load Mainly applicable cage: steel stamping cage (waveform, crown shape...single row; S-shaped...double row) copper alloy or phenolic resin cutting cage, synthetic resin forming and retaining Main use of the frame: Automobile: rear wheel, transmission, electrical components, electrical: general-purpose motor, household appliances, other: instruments, internal combustion engines, construction machinery, railway vehicles, loading and unloading machinery, agricultural machinery, various industrial machinery angular contact ball bearing rings There is a contact angle with the ball. The standard contact angle is 15°, 30° and 40°. The larger the contact angle, the greater the axial load capacity. The higher the contact angle Smaller, more favorable for high-speed rotating single-row bearing can withstand radial load and one-way axial load DB combination, DF combination and double-row bearing can withstand radial load and two-way axial load DT combination for one-way axial load is large, High-speed ACH-type bearings have a small ball diameter and a large number of balls. They are mostly used for machine tool spindle angular contact ball bearings. They are suitable for high-speed and high-precision rotating structures. Common inner and outer rings, can withstand radial load and two-way axial load. No-fill groove bearing. Also sealed. Mainly applicable cage: steel stamping cage (bowl shape...single row; S-shaped, crown-shaped...double row) copper Alloy or phenolic resin cutting cage, synthetic resin forming cage Main use: single row: machine tool spindle, high frequency motor, gas turbine, centrifugal separator, small car front wheel, differential pinion shaft double row: oil pump, Luo Ventilators, air compressors, various types of transmissions, fuel injection pumps, printing machinery, four-point contact ball bearings can withstand radial loads and two-way axial loads. Angular contact ball bearings with front or back combination are suitable for composite loads with a large axial load or large axial load. These bearings can form one contact angle (α) when subjected to axial loads in any direction. Therefore, the ferrule and the ball always touch the two sides of the three-point point on any contact line. The main suitable cage: the copper alloy cutting cage main use: aircraft jet engine, gas turbine self-aligning ball bearing because the outer ring raceway surface is spherical, With self-aligning performance, it can automatically adjust the shaft-concave tapered bore bearing caused by the deflection or misalignment of the shaft or the outer casing. It can be easily mounted on the shaft steel stamping cage by using fasteners: daisy...12,13 22...2RS, 23...2RS sunflower shape...22,23 Woodworking machinery, textile machinery drive shaft, vertical belt bearing, self-aligning bearing, cylindrical roller bearing, cylindrical roller, roller contact with the raceway, radial load capacity, ie Suitable for heavy load and impact load, also suitable for high-speed rotation N-type and NU-type axial movement, can adapt to the change of relative position of shaft and shell caused by thermal expansion or installation error It is most suitable for use as a free end bearing NJ type and NF type can withstand a certain degree of unidirectional axial load, NH type and NUP type can withstand a certain degree of bidirectional axial load. The inner ring or outer ring can be separated, and it is easy to assemble and disassemble NNU type. And NN type is strong in rigidity against radial load
Judging the fault maintenance method of SKF self-aligning ball bearing in use
SKF bearings exhibit a strong regularity during their use and are very repeatable. Normal high-quality bearings (SKF bearings) have relatively small vibration and noise at the beginning of use, but the spectrum is somewhat scattered and the amplitude is small, which may be due to some defects in the manufacturing process, such as surface burrs.
After a period of motion, the vibration and noise are maintained at a certain level, and the spectrum is very single, only one or two times the frequency. There are very few spectrums above the power frequency, and the state of the self-aligning ball bearings is very stable and enters a stable working period.
After continuing to run, the vibration and noise of SKF bearings begin to increase, and sometimes abnormal sounds appear, but the change of vibration increases slowly. At this time, the bearing kurtness value suddenly reaches a certain value. We believe that SKF bearings are initially faulty at this time.
At this time, it is required to closely monitor the SKF bearing and pay close attention to its changes. After that, the bearing kurtosis value begins to drop rapidly and approaches the normal value, while the vibration and noise begin to increase significantly, and the increase rate begins to accelerate. When the vibration exceeds the vibration standard (such as ISO2372 standard), the bearing kurtosis value also begins. Rapid increase, when both exceed the vibration standard, and the kurtosis value also exceeds the normal value (the available kurtosis is relative to the standard), we believe that the self-aligning ball bearing has entered the late fault production, and it is necessary to repair the equipment in time and replace the SKF bearing.
SKF bearings exhibit late failure characteristics to serious failures (generally bearing damage such as axles, burns, sand cracks, raceways, bead wear, etc.) are not more than one week. The larger the equipment capacity, the faster the speed. The shorter the interval. Therefore, in the actual fault diagnosis of self-aligning ball bearings, once the late fault characteristics are found, the bearing should be judged decisively and the maintenance should be arranged as soon as possible.
The use factors mainly refer to whether the installation adjustment, use and maintenance, maintenance and repair, etc. meet the technical requirements. According to the technical requirements of SKF bearing installation, use, maintenance and maintenance, monitor and check the load, speed, working temperature, vibration, noise and lubrication conditions of the SKF bearing in operation, find the cause and immediately adjust the cause. Make it back to normal.
First of all, when the spindle bearing in the spindle is in operation, it is necessary to fully ensure the lubrication, and the lubricant is periodically added according to the actual use condition, and the oil cannot be cut off for a long time. Therefore, for the user company, a better and more suitable spindle lubricant should be used. The new special spindle oil can significantly improve the lubrication performance, extend the oil change interval, extend the service life of the spindle and the self-aligning ball bearing, and also has better anti-rust and anti-corrosion properties.
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IKO cam bearing lubrication technique to solve the raceway noise analysis
The source of the rolling sound is caused by the natural vibration of the ferrule after the load. Due to the elastic contact of the ferrule and the rolling body, a nonlinear vibration system is formed. When the lubrication or machining accuracy is not high, the natural vibration associated with this elastic characteristic is excited, and when it is transmitted to the air, it becomes noise. It is well known that even if IKO bearing parts are processed using the most advanced manufacturing techniques in the world, there will always be small geometric errors in the working surface, which will cause small fluctuations between the raceway and the rolling elements to excite the natural vibration of the vibration system.
First, the bearing drip lubrication method
Drip lubrication is suitable for bearing parts that need to be supplied quantitatively to the lubricating oil. It is advisable to drop a single drop every 3-8 seconds. Excessive oil quantity will cause the bearing temperature to increase.
Second, the oil bath lubrication method of cam bearings
Oil bath lubrication is the common lubrication method in most cam bearings and is suitable for lubrication of low and medium speed IKO bearings. A part of the bearing is immersed in the groove, the lubricating oil is brought up by the rotating bearing part, and then flows back to the oil groove oil surface should be slightly lower than the center of the lowest rolling element.
Third, the radiation lubrication of the bearing
The low pressure oil is injected into the bearing through the nozzle by the oil pump, and the oil injected into the bearing flows into the oil groove through the other end of the bearing. When the bearing rotates at high speed, the rolling element and the cage also cause the surrounding air to flow at a relatively high rotational speed. It is difficult to send the lubricating oil to the bearing in a smooth manner. In this case, it is necessary to spray the smooth oil with low-pressure radiation. In the bearing, the position of the nozzle should be placed between the inner ring and the center of the cage.
Fourth, the bearing lubrication method
The oil is pumped to the cam bearing component by an oil pump, and then filtered and cooled by the lubricating oil after the bearing. Because the circulating oil can take away a certain amount of heat and cool the IKO bearing, this method is used for bearing parts with higher rotational speed.
Five, bearing spray lubrication method
The use of boring shrinking air is mixed with smooth oil through a sprayer to create an oil mist. In the radial bearing, the air flow can effectively cool the bearing and prevent the intrusion of impurities. This method is suitable for the smoothness of high speed and low temperature bearing components.
Although the bearing raceway noise is unavoidable, it is possible to use high-precision machining of the working surface of the part, the correct selection of the bearing and the precise use of the bearing to reduce noise and vibration.
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Operation method for correct and effective adjustment of TIMKEN outer spherical bearing noise
TIMKEN bearings are precision parts and require a very cautious attitude when used. That is, the use of high-performance bearings can not achieve the expected performance if not used properly, and it is easy to damage the outer spherical bearings. Most of the bearings are damaged for many reasons - beyond the original estimated load, non-effective seals, too tight bearing clearance caused by too small bearing clearance. Any of these factors have their particular type of damage and leave a special mark of damage.
Therefore, inspection of damaged bearings can be found in most cases. In general, one-third of TIMKEN bearing damage is caused by fatigue damage, and the other third is due to poor lubrication. The other third is due to contaminants entering the outer spherical bearing or improperly installed.
Therefore, what we want to talk about is how to protect it and extend its service life. Who is unwilling to make the bearing wear-resistant and durable? Unless your nerves have problems (hehe), you should pay attention to the following matters when using bearings:
If the bearing is used improperly during operation, it will cause a series of problems, so we should pay attention to these problems in order to find the problem and solve the problem in time to ensure the normal use of the bearing. Under normal circumstances, the outer spherical bearing should pay attention to the following three major matters during operation.
First, check the condition of the running machine and monitor it to avoid equipment downtime.
Second, if the TIMKEN bearing is insufficiently lubricated or excessively lubricated, the lubricant contains a magazine, the load is too large, the outer spherical bearing is damaged, the gap is insufficient, and the high temperature friction generated by the oil seal is the same.
High temperatures often indicate that the bearing is in an abnormal condition. High temperatures are also detrimental to the lubricant in the bearing. Sometimes bearing overheating can be attributed to the bearing's lubricant. If the bearing is operated for longer than 125 degrees Celsius, it will reduce bearing life.
Third, it is best to check the TIMKEN bearing and periodically check the oil seal when opening the bearing housing. Check the condition of the oil seal near the bearing to ensure that they are sufficient to prevent hot liquid or corrosive liquid or gas from penetrating into the outer spherical bearing along the shaft. If the bearing is well lubricated and properly blocks debris and moisture, the oil seal should be absent. Wear. If the oil seal has worn out, it should be replaced as soon as possible.
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FAG spherical roller bearing damage maintenance measures maintenance method
1, the cleaning of the bearing
When disassembling the lower roller bearing for inspection, first record the appearance of the FAG bearing, confirm the residual amount of the lubricant, and then wash the bearing after sampling the lubricant for inspection. As a cleaning agent, gasoline and kerosene are commonly used.
The cleaning of the removed bearing is divided into coarse cleaning and fine fine washing. In the container, the metal mesh bottom is placed first, so that the FAG bearing does not directly contact the container. When rough cleaning, if the bearing is rotated with dirt, it will damage the rolling surface of the bearing and should be noted. In the rough cleaning oil, use a brush to remove the grease and the adhesive. After it is almost clean, it is transferred to the fine wash.
Fine washing is to carefully clean the spherical roller bearing while rotating in the cleaning oil. In addition, the cleaning oil should always be kept clean.
2. Inspection and judgment of bearings
In order to judge whether the disassembled spherical roller bearing can be reused, it is necessary to check after the bearing is cleaned, carefully check the raceway surface, the rolling surface, the state of the mating surface, the wear of the cage, the increase of the FAG bearing clearance and Whether there are damages or abnormalities in which the dimensional accuracy is lowered. For non-separable ball bearings, use one hand to support the inner ring and rotate the outer ring to check if it is smooth.
Separate bearings such as spherical roller bearings can be inspected separately for the rolling surfaces of the rolling elements and the outer ring.
Large bearings cannot be rotated by hand. Pay attention to the appearance of rolling elements, raceways, cages, ribs, etc. The higher the importance of FAG bearings, the more careful inspection is required.
The judgment of whether or not to reuse is determined in consideration of the degree of bearing damage, mechanical properties, importance, operating conditions, and the period until the next inspection. However, if the following defects are not available, the new spherical roller bearings must be replaced:
(a) cracks or notches on any of the inner ring, the outer ring, the rolling elements, and the cage;
(b) rupture on any of the ferrules and rolling elements;
(c) Significant jams on the raceway surface, ribs and rolling elements;
(d) the cage is worn significantly or the rivet is significantly slack;
(e) There is rust and injury on the raceway surface and the rolling elements;
(f) There are severe indentations and marks on the raceway surface and rolling elements;
(g) The inner diameter of the inner ring or the outer diameter of the outer ring has obvious creep;
(h) discoloration due to heat;
(i) Bearings sealed with grease, the seal or dust cover is damaged.
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Analysis of maintenance technology of IKO needle roller bearing with lubrication
The function of the IKO bearing fit is to make the stationary and rotating rings of the needle bearing and the stationary part (usually the bearing seat) and the rotating part (usually the shaft) of the mounting part, respectively, to achieve the transfer of the load under rotation. And the basic task of defining the position of the motion system relative to the stationary system.
Needle bearings are required to be fixed in three directions, radial, axial and tangential, on the shaft and in the housing. The radial and tangential positioning is achieved by the tight fit of the bearing ring. The axial positioning is only used in a few cases. The axial position is generally limited by axial limit parts such as end caps and retaining rings. Within the clearance range.
When choosing a fit, you should pay attention to the following four points:
(1) The circumferential surface of the bearing ring should have good support and uniform force to reduce deformation, and fully exert the bearing capacity of IKO bearing.
(2) The ferrule cannot slide in the tangential direction in its mating surface, otherwise the mating surface will be damaged.
(3) The free end bearing must be compatible with the length change of the shaft and the housing bore, that is, it must have the ability to accommodate the axial position to swim within a certain range.
(4) It must be noted that the needle roller bearing is easy to install and disassemble, saving labor, time and money.
For heavy loads, the grease with a small penetration should be selected for high pressure, and the oil film strength and extreme pressure performance should be high. When selecting grease according to environmental conditions, calcium-based grease is not easily soluble in water and is suitable for drying and low moisture environments. Commonly used greases for IKO bearings include calcium-based greases, sodium-based greases, calcium-based greases, lithium-based greases, aluminum-based greases, and molybdenum disulfide greases. The amount of grease filled in the needle bearing is suitable for filling 1/2-1/3 of the inner space of the bearing. At high speeds, reducing the grease to 1/3 will increase the temperature rise.
The temperature of the bearing, generally the temperature outside the bearing can be inferred. If the oil hole can directly measure the outer ring temperature of the thin-walled bearing, it is more suitable. Usually, the temperature of the bearing rises slowly as the bearing starts to run, and reaches a steady state after 1-2 hours. The normal temperature of the needle bearing varies with the heat capacity, heat dissipation, speed and load of the machine. If the lubrication and installation parts are suitable, the IKO bearing temperature will rise sharply and abnormal temperature will occur. At this time, it is necessary to stop the operation and take necessary precautions.
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Imported bearing lubrication purpose å bearing life relationship
Bearing life is basically divided into fatigue life, service life, wear life, and fault life.
1. Fatigue life: The material of the main moving parts of the bearing reaches the limit, resulting in the accumulated time before the bearing fails.
Rated dynamic load: The load that the bearing can withstand when the service life is 10,000 rpm.
Equivalent dynamic load: refers to the assumed load in which the actual load of the imported bearing is converted according to the operating conditions for determining the dynamic load.
2. Service life: It is the above three life-time generalized formula. In theory, it refers to the fatigue life of the bearing. It is the bearing wear life under normal use conditions. When the condition is not normal and the manufacturing has no defects, it represents the fault life. .
3. Wear life: The cumulative working time of the bearing before the specified limit is increased due to normal wear. At today's bearing industry level, wear life > fatigue life should be used, but in fact traction motors are just the opposite.
4. Fault life: The failure of the bearing is the accumulated working time before the loss of working capacity.
Then the bearing lubrication has something to do with the bearing life. Let us know the purpose of bearing lubrication:
The purpose of bearing lubrication:
1. Extend fatigue life.
The rolling fatigue life of imported bearings is prolonged when the rolling contact surface is well lubricated during rotation. This is the biggest benefit of lubricating bearings, which can increase fatigue life and extend bearing life.
2. Reduce friction and wear.
In the mutual contact portion of the ferrule, the rolling element and the retainer constituting the bearing, metal contact is prevented, and friction and wear are reduced.
3. Discharge friction heat, cooling
The circulation oil supply method or the like can be used to discharge heat generated by friction or heat from the outside to cool. Prevent the bearing from overheating and prevent the lubricant from aging itself.
4. Other
Colleagues lubricate their bearings to prevent foreign matter from entering the inside of the bearing or to prevent the bearing from rusting and corroding.
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Causes of vibration of NTN tapered roller bearings during operation
In general, the rolling bearing itself does not produce noise. The "NTN tapered roller bearing noise" that is usually felt is actually the sound effect of the bearing directly or indirectly vibrating with the surrounding structure. This is why many times noise problems can be considered as vibration problems involving the entire NTN tapered roller bearing application.
Excitation due to changes in the number of loaded rolling elements
When a radial load is applied to an imported bearing, the number of rolling elements carrying the load will change slightly during operation, ie: 2-3-2-3.... This causes a shift in the load direction. The resulting vibration is unavoidable, but can be mitigated by axial preloading and applied to all rolling elements (not for cylindrical roller bearings).
Component waviness
In the case of a tight fit between the NTN tapered roller bearing ring and the bearing housing or the drive shaft, the NTN tapered roller bearing ring may be deformed in accordance with the shape of the adjacent component. If deformation occurs, vibration may occur during operation. Therefore, it is important to machine the housing and drive shaft to the required tolerances.
Partial damage
Small parts of NTN tapered roller bearing raceways and rolling elements may be damaged due to handling or installation errors. In operation, rolling through damaged NTN tapered roller bearing components produces a specific vibration frequency. Vibration frequency analysis identifies damaged bearing components.
Vibration behavior in applications
In many applications, the stiffness of NTN tapered roller bearings is the same as the stiffness of the surrounding structure. Due to this feature, it is possible to reduce the vibration in the application by properly selecting NTN tapered roller bearings (including preload and clearance) and their configuration in the application.
There are three ways to reduce vibration:
– removing critical excitation vibrations from the application;
– suppressing the critical excitation vibration between the excitation component and the resonance component;
– Change the stiffness of the structure to change the critical frequency.
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Causes of vibration of NTN tapered roller bearings during operation
In general, the rolling bearing itself does not produce noise. The "NTN tapered roller bearing noise" that is usually felt is actually the sound effect of the bearing directly or indirectly vibrating with the surrounding structure. This is why many times noise problems can be considered as vibration problems involving the entire NTN tapered roller bearing application.
Excitation due to changes in the number of loaded rolling elements
When a radial load is applied to an imported bearing, the number of rolling elements carrying the load will change slightly during operation, ie: 2-3-2-3.... This causes a shift in the load direction. The resulting vibration is unavoidable, but can be mitigated by axial preloading and applied to all rolling elements (not for cylindrical roller bearings).
Component waviness
In the case of a tight fit between the NTN tapered roller bearing ring and the bearing housing or the drive shaft, the NTN tapered roller bearing ring may be deformed in accordance with the shape of the adjacent component. If deformation occurs, vibration may occur during operation. Therefore, it is important to machine the housing and drive shaft to the required tolerances.
Partial damage
Small parts of NTN tapered roller bearing raceways and rolling elements may be damaged due to handling or installation errors. In operation, rolling through damaged NTN tapered roller bearing components produces a specific vibration frequency. Vibration frequency analysis identifies damaged bearing components.
Vibration behavior in applications
In many applications, the stiffness of NTN tapered roller bearings is the same as the stiffness of the surrounding structure. Due to this feature, it is possible to reduce the vibration in the application by properly selecting NTN tapered roller bearings (including preload and clearance) and their configuration in the application.
There are three ways to reduce vibration:
– removing critical excitation vibrations from the application;
– suppressing the critical excitation vibration between the excitation component and the resonance component;
– Change the stiffness of the structure to change the critical frequency.
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IKO machine spindle bearings need to pay attention to the problem of using grease
In order to better play the best situation, the choice of IKO bearing is directly related to the stable operation of the equipment. The choice of machine tool spindle bearing grease must be considered from the following aspects:
1. The rust inhibitor is preferably insoluble in water. Grease should have good adhesion, and the grease used in the spindle bearing of the machine tool must have anti-rust effect. And can form a layer of oil film on the steel surface.
2. Lead to leakage. In normal operation, the grease will become soft during machining. The grease will be removed from the IKO bearing. If the mechanical stability of the grease is insufficient, during the operation, the structure of the soap of the grease will mechanically disintegrate, causing the grease to be destroyed, thereby losing the lubricating effect.
3. During the operation of the bearing, the oil seal is a necessary barrier to maintain the machine shaft bearings and lubricants from external contamination. No matter whether debris or moisture can penetrate into the IKO bearing to prevent damage. Proper device maintenance is an important factor in maximizing the service life of bearings. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the cleanliness of the bearing, the correctness of the bearing selection and the selection of appropriate equipment and maintenance tools. In addition, the bearings must be protected from contaminants and moisture and ensure proper installation and lubrication. Therefore, the design of the bearing arrangement, the condition of the oil seal, the type of lubricant and the lubrication cycle, and even the special support play the same and important role.
Of course, if the operating speed of the imported bearings is very low and it is necessary to work in a polluted and humid environment, it is best to fill the IKO housing with grease.
Especially in applications where the vertical axis or axis is tilted at an angle. The grease also has a sealing function to prevent the influence of contaminants, moisture or moisture on the bearing. However, if the grease is excessive, it will cause the working temperature of the spindle of the machine tool to rise, especially in high-speed applications. In most cases, the bearing can be completely filled with grease only at the beginning, while only a proper amount of grease is filled in the housing and there is some free space. Before the full operating speed is reached, the excess grease must be drained out of the IKO bearing during the run-in phase, leaving an appropriate amount of grease in the bearing. When the operating temperature drops significantly, it means that the grease has run into the bearing and is evenly distributed in the bearing arrangement.
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Industrial IKO overall eccentric bearing maintenance precautions
In order to maintain the original performance of IKO bearings in good condition for as long as possible, maintenance, overhaul, and accident prevention are required to ensure the reliability of operation and improve productivity and economy. Maintenance is best carried out on a regular basis in accordance with the operating standards for the mechanical operating conditions. The content includes monitoring of operating conditions, replenishment or replacement of lubricants, and periodic disassembly inspections. As a maintenance item in operation, there are rotation sound, vibration, temperature, and state of lubricant of the entire eccentric bearing.
Cleaning of the bearing: When disassembling the lower bearing for inspection, first record the appearance of the bearing, confirm the residual amount of the lubricant, and then wash the bearing after sampling the lubricant for inspection. As a cleaning agent, gasoline and kerosene are commonly used.
The cleaning of the removed bearings is divided into coarse cleaning and fine cleaning. They are placed in the container respectively, and the metal mesh bottom is placed first so that the bearing does not directly contact the container. When rough cleaning, if the IKO bearing is rotated with dirt, it will damage the rolling surface of the bearing and should be noted. In the rough cleaning oil, use a brush to remove the adhering and adhering substances. After they are almost clean, they are transferred to the fine washing.
Fine washing is to carefully clean the bearing while rotating it in the cleaning oil. In addition, the cleaning oil should always be kept clean.
Bearing inspection and judgment: In order to judge whether the removed bearing can be used, it should be checked after the bearing is cleaned. Check the condition of the raceway surface, the rolling surface, the mating surface, the wear of the cage, the increase of the overall eccentric bearing clearance, and the damage and abnormality that are irrelevant in dimensional accuracy. For non-separable miniature ball bearings, use one hand to support the inner ring horizontally and rotate the outer ring to check if it is smooth.
High temperatures often indicate that the bearing is in an abnormal condition. High temperature is also harmful to the lubricant in the IKO bearing. Sometimes the bearing overheating can be attributed to the lubricant of the outer spherical bearing. If the bearing is operated for longer than 125 degrees Celsius, the bearing life will be reduced. Causes of high temperature bearings include: insufficient lubrication or excessive lubrication, the magazine contains the magazine, the load is too large, the overall eccentric bearing is damaged, the gap is insufficient, and the high temperature friction generated by the oil seal, etc. The bearing rolling body and the inner and outer ring rolling The pavement is subjected to periodic pulsating loads, resulting in cyclically varying contact stresses.
When the number of stress cycles reaches a certain value, fatigue peeling occurs on the rolling element or the inner and outer ring raceways. If the bearing load is too large, this fatigue will be exacerbated. In addition, the IKO bearing is not properly installed, the shaft is bent, and the raceway is peeled off. Fatigue spalling of the bearing races reduces the accuracy of the shaft and causes vibration and noise in the mechanism. The outer spherical bearing of the burn has a tempering color on the raceway and the rolling element. The causes of burns are generally insufficient lubrication, the quality of the lubricant does not meet the requirements or deterioration, and the bearing assembly is too tight.
Uneven pits appear on the contact surface between the raceway and the roller of the bearing, indicating that the overall eccentric bearing is plastically deformed. The reason is that the IKO bearing has a large static load or impact load, and the local stress of the working surface exceeds the yield limit of the material, which generally occurs on bearings rotating at low speed.
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Maintenance method for static pressure IKO bearing of grinding machine in IKO bearing
Static pressure IKO bearings have high rotation precision, good rigidity, high bearing capacity, no wear and high durability. 1. Small hole throttle:
(1). Change the internal throttling to external throttling, and add a pressure gauge to instantly display the upper and lower chamber pressure. It is easy to maintain, especially it can be cleaned regularly, which is unmatched by the internal throttle.
(2). Throttling ratio. The theoretical value of the throttle ratio β is between 1.2 and 1.5, and 1.25 is preferred based on years of experience. In this way, the geometric accuracy of the main shaft, the geometrical accuracy of the front and rear bearing pads, the concentricity, the roundness and the taper need to be strictly controlled in order to ensure the β value. The e value (the eccentricity of the main axis and the geometric center of the bearing bush) is determined according to the load carrying capacity of the machine tool to optimize the β value.
(3). When the oil chamber is not equipped with the main shaft, the oil column of each oil outlet must be consistent (observation method). If it is inconsistent, the flow rate should be changed by changing the orifice diameter of the throttle. Taking 4 chambers as an example, the oil column of the lower, left and right chambers is generally between 20 and 25 mm, and the diameter of the small holes is 0.25 to 0.4 mm.
2. Thin film feedback throttle:
The film feedback throttling IKO bearing stiffness is very large, but the machine tool often appears to hold the tile, pull the hair, reduce the pressure and so on. The most critical of the film feedback is the film. In practice, the main reasons for the bearing lock and pulling are: 1 plastic deformation of the film; 2 slow feedback. When the external load is abrupt, the shaft and the tile have already rubbed when the film has not reacted; 3 the film is fatigued. The film is used for a long time and fatigue deformation, which is equivalent to changing the feedback parameters.
Increased film thickness and the use of some fatigue-resistant materials can achieve good results. Generally, a rigid film, a preload, and a gap are reserved. The specific method is: change the 1.4mm thick film to a 4mm thick rigid film, and place a 0.05mm thick tin foil in the lower cavity to adjust the spindle to a position 0.05mm higher than the ideal position. The purpose is to return to the ideal center just after the spindle is stressed (grinding weight, cutting force).
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How to determine if SKF imported bearings should be replaced
The specific judgment method of whether the imported bearing should be repaired, that is, the specific judgment method that the imported bearing has been fully utilized and the damage is adjacent is as follows:
1) Using imported bearing working condition monitoring instrument
It is the most convenient and reliable method to judge the working state of the imported bearings and determine when the imported bearings should be repaired by using the instrument such as the iron spectrometer or the SPM or I-ID-1 type imported bearing working condition monitoring instrument.
For example, when using the HD-1 type instrument, when the pointer approaches the danger zone from the warning zone, and the pointer does not return after taking measures such as improving lubrication, it can be found that the problem of the imported bearing itself is not yet dangerous. When the zone is in place, the imported bearings will be repaired. How far from the danger zone begins to repair, can be adjusted by experience.
With such an instrument, it is possible to make full use of the working potential of the imported bearings, timely repair the imported bearings, and avoid failures, which is safe and economical.
2) Monitor with simple tools
In the case where the above instruments are not available, the operator can hold the tool such as a round bar or a wrench against the outer casing of the machine that is closest to the imported bearing, and shame the ear on the tool to monitor the running sound of the imported bearing transmitted by the tool. Of course, the medical stethoscope is modified. Also.
The normal imported bearing operation sound should be uniform, smooth and not harsh, and the abnormal imported bearing operation sound has various intermittent, impact or harsh sounds. First of all, we should get used to the normal operation of the imported bearings, and then we can grasp the abnormal operation of the imported bearings, and then through the accumulation of practical experience, we can further analyze what kind of abnormal sound corresponds to what kind of imported bearings. normal phenomenon. There are many types of abnormal sounds in imported bearings, which are difficult to tell, and mainly rely on experience accumulation.
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Reasons and maintenance methods for oil leakage of IKO bearing oil seal
The oil seal is an important part of agricultural machinery and various types of mechanical equipment. The feeler gauge is inserted between the two rows of rollers on the IKO bearing and the outer circle and is widely used around the IKO bearing center. Its performance and quality directly affect the reliability of the use of agricultural machinery and various mechanical equipment. Some oil seals have a long life span of one year, a few months or even three or five days, and oil leaks due to poor sealing. This situation has seriously affected the working efficiency of agricultural machinery and various mechanical equipment, which not only increases fuel consumption and production costs, but also pollutes the environment.
First, the working principle of the oil seal 1. In the free state, the inner diameter of the oil seal lip is smaller than the shaft diameter, and has a certain amount of interference. 2. After installation, the interference pressure of the oil seal cutting edge and the contraction force of the self-tightening spring generate a certain radial pressure on the rotating shaft. 3. When working, the oil seal lip forms a sealing contact belt of 0.25 to 0.5 mm width under the action of radial pressure. Under the action of the lubricating oil pressure, the oil penetrates into the oil seal edge and forms a very thin oil film between the rotating shaft. The inner friction of the lubricant at the contact and the agitation and extrusion of the lubricant are affected by the surface tension of the oil, forming a “new moon” on the outer edge of the shaft and the oil seal to prevent oil from overflowing and sealing. .
Second, the main factors causing oil seal oil leakage The oil seal is not strict is the main cause of oil leakage. When the shaft wears and forms a groove, even if the new oil seal is replaced, the contact pressure of the oil seal lip and the shaft is lowered, so that the interference of the diameter of the oil seal lip and the shaft diameter after installation is too small. Taking the crankshaft oil seal of S195 diesel engine as an example, the main reasons for the poor sealing are: 1 poor quality of oil seal manufacturing; poor quality of 2 shaft or IKO bearing; 3 improper use and maintenance; IKO bearing measurement error does not mean that the inspection tolerance can be relaxed 10%4 improper installation; 5 improper storage, adversely affected by environmental pollution.
Third, the oil seal is not tight and the oil leakage measures 1, master and identify the basic knowledge of counterfeit products, buy high-quality, standard oil seal. 2. When installing, if the outer surface roughness of the shaft diameter is low or there are defects such as rust, rust, burr, etc., smooth it with fine sand cloth or oil stone; apply clean oil or lubricating grease at the corresponding position of the oil seal lip or shaft diameter. Apply sealant to the outer ring of the oil seal, wrap the key groove on the shaft with hard paper to avoid scratching the lip of the oil seal, and use a special tool to rotate the oil seal inward. Do not harden the hard seal to prevent deformation of the oil seal. Or the spring is broken and the spring is broken; if the lip is turned over, the spring is detached, and the oil seal is skewed, it must be removed and reloaded. It should be noted that when the shaft diameter is not worn and the oil seal spring is strong enough, do not tighten the inner spring without authorization. 3. The oil seal applied to agricultural machinery generally has poor working conditions, large environmental temperature difference, dust, and frequent vibration of the machine. When the mechanical force of the machine is constantly changing, it is necessary to inspect, maintain and maintain. 4. If the shaft diameter and IKO bearing are seriously worn; the oil seal rubber aging or spring failure, etc., repair and replace the corresponding parts in time. Providing every IKO bearing user with worry-free operation is the ultimate goal of Qingdao Ruijing IKO Bearing Electromechanical 5. To eliminate faults in abnormal heating components or assemblies; avoid mechanical overspeed and overload operation to prevent oil seal lip temperature rise High, rubber aging, early wear of the lips, etc. 6. Always check the oil level of the engine oil. If there are too many impurities in the oil, replace the new oil with the alloy powder and metal iron filings. The oil brand and quality should be changed according to the season requirements. 7. Oil seals that are not used temporarily should be kept in a safe place to prevent oil, dust or sun exposure. 8. When the shaft diameter is worn into a “V” shaped groove, the new oil seal lip and the shaft contact pressure can not be used to seal the oil. The AR-5 component adhesive can be used for adhesive repair, which is simple, reliable and wear-resistant. . It can also be compensated by the method of oil seal displacement.
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